Begonia leaf morphology pdf

Micropropagation of selected somaclones of begonia and. Radicle comes outarise from the seed coat in the form of soft structure and moves toward the soil. Morphology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of form. This plant has lanceshaped leaves that on a mature plant can reach to about 10 inches in length. These leaves were ovendried 65c to a constant mass and weighed, then the specific leaf area sla was calculated as the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry mass cm2 g 1dm.

The name is a bit of a misnomer in that it really should be copper kid or something with a small name, but just didnt seem to fit. Diploclinium, but is very distinct in having triangularspathulate leaves. White reported in 1928 that the variety melior is very susceptible and the variety peerless is resistant to the bacterial leaf spot of. Its in the flower of a plant where sexual reproduction in angiosperms takes place. The leaves can be bright red, green, pink, silver, gray and purple in vibrant combinations and patterns.

The leaf like appendages, especially, show a developmental pattern that resembles that of the main leaf. There are two main systems in a plant, the root system and the shoot system. To create this article, volunteer authors worked to edit and improve it over time. Membership application pdf branch locations international database of the begoniaceae. The soil should remain moist at all times, but not too wet, as this can cause rot. Development of the epiphyllous appendages of begonia hispida. Diagnosing nutrient deficiencies terminology handout. Megawatt red bronze leaf dragon wing begonia x hybrida height. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of potassium silicate on the growth and leaf epidermal characteristics of horticultural crops viz. Sep 21, 2017 a begonia flower is monoecious, meaning it contains both male staminate and female pistillate parts. Streich, extension horticulture educator extension extension extension 4 color blackpms 186 black extension is a division of the institute of agriculture and natural resources at the university of. The begonias are native to moist subtropical and tropical climates.

Begonia x elatior plantlets which regenerated from leaf disk callus showed variations in plant morphology, number of flowers per plant, and flower size. Diversity and conservation of chinese wild begonias. In aab and aon, 40% shade resulted in darker green leaves, whereas higher shade levels resulted in similar leaf color to control plants. Bacterial leaf spot will produce watersoaked areas on the leaves that are surrounded by yellow rings.

Hence, begonia velloziana walpers is the legitimate name and begonia repens vellozo is a synonym. Cbse class 11 biology chapter 5 morphology of flowering. Fibrous rooted cultivars have small brown leaf spots. At the first sign of a white patch on any of the leaves apply a fungicide right away.

Bronzed or watersoaked areas develop on leaves of some cultivars. Rex begonias are striking known as paintedleaf begonias or fancyleaf begonias because of. Begonia guaniana begoniaceae, a new species from china. This is probably the same disease that occurs in france, although it was not observed to attack the stems but only the leaves. Begonia petunia early iron deficiency in geranium chlorosis. Begonialeaf spot pacific northwest pest management handbooks. Leaf color of ami was similar under all treatments. Cbse class 11 biology revision notes chapter 5 morphology of flowering plants is the most reliable study material if you are looking out for an indepth understanding of the chapter. The new leaves come up a light yellow green color with undulating red edges and then become a bit more smooth edges and leaf surface. From a cultivation point of view, begonias have all the ingredients for successful hybridizationthey cross readily, they have striking variability in the genus, and their ranks include everything from durable landscape plants to delicate specimens.

According to the american begonia society, the begonia genus of plants includes about 1,500 named species and several thousand hybrids. Beefsteak begonia, begonia feastii, is another example of a rhizomatousrooted begonia. We also provide detailed morphological data and molecular. In cooler climates some species are cultivated outside. Photographs of nine fully expanded leaves were obtained. The angel wing begonia is a flowering species from a large family of plants 2000 or more and many more hybrids, named begoniaceae. They grow 12 to 18 inches tall and wide and thrive in part shade to full shade locations. Pdf pollen morphology of the genus begonia in africa. Correlated evolution of leaf shape and trichomes in begonia. The leaves are heartshaped and are the most striking foliage producers. It also includes at least 10,000 cultivated varieties.

The genus contains more than 1,800 different plant species. Morphological and molecular identification of natural. Begonias are some of the easiest plants to grow in containers. Fibrous root begonia species have stems that are directly attached to the crown of the plant like that of radish leaves. Boyd reported this bacterial leaf spot of begonia from georgia in 1928 and sent typical specimens to the division of mycology and disease survey. Rooting tips the plant tops is simple, and can be done in much the same way as rooting tip cuttings for other plants see, for example, the lesson on kohleria. Angel wing begonia begonia coccinea houseplantsexpert. Flowers from begonias belong to a class of plants called angiosperms. Symptoms watersoaked circular lesions surrounded by yellow halos develop on leaves. Under moist conditions the lesions usually appear dark green and watersoaked. Definition, characteristics and functions with diagram. Only the position of the leaf like epiphyllous appendages contradicts that of typical phyllomes.

Compared to other countries, china has the largest or second largest number of begonia species in the world. New guinea impatiens readily exhibit high ec symptoms. These data as well as anatomical evidence provide a factual basis for homologizing the leaf like appendages with leaves phyllomes. Request pdf development of the epiphyllous appendages of begonia hispida var. Leaf solitary, binary or several and fasciculate on tuber or on a very short stem, occasionally with 1or 2 distinct. Foliage begonias, like rex begonias, are grown for their fancy leaves that have many beautiful colors highlighted by unusual markings and swirls in the foliage. Morphology of flowering plants biology notes for neet. Development of the epiphyllous appendages of begonia. Maintenance of species boundaries in a neotropical radiation. Some begonias are grown just for the fantastic color and shape of their foliage and either do not flower or the flower is unremarkable. Jun 16, 2019 compound leaf is a leaf in which the leaf blade is incised up to the midrib or petiole, thus dividing it into several small parts, known as leaflets. Begonia leaf specimens of the heald and wolf collection of 1909. Scanning electron micrograph showing pollen morphology of begonia guaniana.

Bacterial leaf spot on begonia is caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. The popular wax begonia, begonia semperflorens, is a fibrous rooted begonia. Pdf the morphology of the pollen grains of african begonias is described, leading to the recognition of 15 pollen types. Somatic metaphase chromosomes of begonia guaniana 2n 24. It is a compact, bushy, mounded, fibrousrooted plant that features fleshy stems, waxy dark green to bronze leaves and loose clusters cymes of single or double flowers in shades of white, pink or red plus bicolor versions thereof. Bacterial leaf spot xanthomonas campestris, one of the most common and widespread begonia diseases, is typically caused by excess moisture. Photographs of nine fully expanded leaves were obtained using a digital. Sampling strategy and genotyping for each site, except s1 where access was limited, we estimated the number of each parental species and their putative hybrids, based on morphology. Correlated evolution of leaf shape and trichomes in.

The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be smooth or bearing hair, bristles or spines. It shares clustered stomata with a number of other begonia species, which are likely to help it reduce water loss through transpiration during the dry season. Upper surface of a begonia leaf showing mostly hydathode infections caused by the bacterial leaf spot organism courtesy r. Male and female flowers appear separately on the same plant. Wax begonias are outdoor bedding plants that have smooth leaves and an abundance of flowers, hence the scientific name semperflorens, which means always flowering. The author quantified leaf shape using several morphometric measures. Although morphology of the 1winged ovarycapsule of the undescribed begonia should be assigned to sect. Chinese begonias have amazingly diverse distribution ranges, climate adaptations, habitats, habits, phenology, and morphology e. Begoniaceae in nepal article pdf available in bangladesh journal of plant taxonomy 192. Watersoaked areas surrounded by yellow halos develop on leaves.

In cooler climates some species are cultivated outside in summertime for their bright. This bacteria thrives in both dead and live begonia leaves and requires high temperatures ranging from 80. Anatomical protocol of begonia dipetala graham for the. Today we will focus on the details of the leaves and stems. Studies along the divergence continuum in begonia have identified many of the processes driving the initial stages of divergence. This bacterial pathogen will only affect begonias, however different species and cultivars of begonias can vary widely in.

There are silverlike stains on the upper side of the leaf, and reddish ones, on the lower side of the leaves, as well as on the. Distribution of begonia guaniana in yunnan province, china. The more than 1,000 species of begonia are part of a complicated classification system based on flowers, method of propagation and leaves. Control by surface or bottom watering, keep the humidity below 80 to 85 percent, space plants, and practice strict santiation. Begonia begonias, flowers, plants, and rex jrank articles. Identifying begonia s solely by their leaves can be a tricky process, but in combination with identifying the root system and growing conditions you can narrow your search. The plant family begoniaceae is a large family of over 1,000 species of begonias. These plants display a big variety of shapes, colours, patterns and textures in their leaves rarely seen in other groups of plants. Lower surface of begonia leaf infected with bacter ial leaf spot. Similarly, a range of somaclonal variation was observed in plantlets regenerated from leaf disks of saintpaulia ionantha l.

Vegetative plant morphology stems, leaves, and roots anne m. Because angiosperms have reduced male parts and fewer. The picture doesnt do justice to the strong overall copper color of the leaf. Semperflorens cultorum group, often called wax begonia, is an extremely popular garden annual. Feed begonias with a wellbalanced plant food every 2 to 3 weeks. Matrix white blotch and matrix yellow blotch in vitro. Sections, of begonia rhizomes that thick, scaly, stem that.

Implications for comparative morphology the epiphyllous appendages arise. Susceptible to powdery mildew, mealy bugs, mites, thrips, and whitefly. Development of the epiphyllous appendages of begonia hispida var. The distribution of variation in leaf morphology in the highly variable begonia dregei species complex was examined in natural population and in f2 offspring from a cross between plants from two populations. Begonialeaf spot pacific northwest pest management. Wax begonia morphology fibrous roots succulent stems glossy ovate leaves leaves range from green to red, bronze red, or green and white variegated more wax begonia facts moisture, light and warm medium temperatures 78 800f are needed for seed germination. The adaxial leaf side of the wild red a and green b begonia fimbristipula phenotypes. The begonia coccinea has a fair few varieties that display glossy type leaves on cane stems and display colorful flowers. The leaves are slightly hairy and textured adding to the interest of the foliage. Finding begonia classification through the begonia leaves. Changes in relative leaf greenness in response to light treatment varied among plants from different seed sources within a species. Water at the base of the plant to keep the foliage dry and prevent leaf spot and fungal diseases. Leaves may be simple a single leaf blade or lamina or compound with several leaflets.

Theyll bloom from early summer until frost with clusters of slightly fragrant, light pink flowers, and they have large heartshaped medium green leaves. Variations in flowering period, number of flowers per plant, and flower morphology were observed in saintpaulia ionantha l. Native to south america, these perennial flowering plants begonia grow in subtropical. The following is a defined list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Light exposure and shade effects on growth, flowering, and. Effect of potassium silicate on growth and leaf epidermal. This can be done by tip cutting, by rhizome, or by leaf cuttings. Some species are commonly grown indoors as ornamental houseplants in cooler climates. Plugs are ready for transplanting or marketing in 8 to 9 weeks.

Morphology and physiology of two begonia fimbristipula phenotypes 383 fig. Sep 21, 2017 the plant family begoniaceae is a large family of over 1,000 species of begonias. Begonia houseplant care instructions home guides sf gate. Leaf is a green, dissimilar exogenous lateral flattened outgrowth which is borne on the node of a stem or its branch and is specialised to perform. This group of warmloving plants was originally found in the forest understory in tropical and subtropical areas. Curling and death whipker, north carolina state university top leaf curl symptoms are commonly associated with b and ca deficiencies. Comparison of morphological and physiological characteristics.

Bacter ial leaf spot on the upper surfa ce of a beg onia leaf. If you are still uncertain of whether or not your plant will work well indoors, ask an. Once the disease is present, remove and destroy any affected leaves or stems and spray the plants with a bacterial leaf spot treatment. High electrical conductivity can cause leaf morphology to change. The shoot system is made up of leaves, stems and fl owers. Begonia is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family begoniaceae. Propagating begonias is actually quite simple and easy. Jun 15, 2016 wikihow is a wiki, similar to wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are cowritten by multiple authors. Available on vedantu, the morphology of flowering plants class 11 notes is prepared by subject matter experts with a wide experience. Pressed leaves from a leaf collection andor the following greenhouse plants.